Leishmania exosomes and other virulence factors: Impact on innate immune response and macrophage functions.

摘要: Abstract Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of leishmaniases, a collection vector-borne diseases that range from simple cutaneous to fatal visceral forms. Employing potent immune modulation mechanisms, is able render host macrophage inactive and persist inside its phagolysosome. In last few years, role exosomes in Leishmania-host interactions has been increasingly investigated. For instance, it was reported exosome release augmented following temperature shift, condition mimicking parasite’s entry into mammalian host. were found strongly affect cell signaling functions, similarly whole parasites. Importantly, these vesicles shown be pro-inflammatory, capable recruit neutrophils at their inoculation site exacerbating pathology. this review, we provide most recent insights on other virulence factors, especially surface protease GP63, interactions, deepening our knowledge leishmaniasis paving way for development new therapeutics.