The Environmental Burdens of Lead-Acid Batteries in China: Insights from an Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Lead
作者： Sha Chen , Zhenyue Lian , Sumei Li , Junbeum Kim , Yipei Li
DOI: 10.3390/EN10121969
关键词:
摘要: Lead-acid batteries (LABs), a widely used energy storage equipment in cars and electric vehicles, are becoming serious problems due to their high environmental impact. In this study, an integrated method, combining material flow analysis with life cycle assessment, was developed analyze the emissions burdens of lead LABs. The from other materials LABs were not included. results indicated that amount primary accounted for 77% total production 2014 China. discharged into environment 8.54 × 105 tonnes, which mainly raw extraction (57.2%). largest burden processing, 81.7% burdens. toxicity potential, human potential-cancer, potential-non-cancer, water footprint land use more than 90% at stage. Moreover, much regenerated lead. On basis results, main practical measures policies proposed reduce China, namely establishing effective recycling system, enlarging market share legal lead, regulating avoiding long-distance transportation waste
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