Human metabolism of Δ3-carene and renal elimination of Δ3-caren-10-carboxylic acid (chaminic acid) after oral administration

摘要: We studied the human in vivo metabolism of Δ(3)-carene (CRN), a natural monoterpene which commonly occurs environment. Four healthy volunteers were orally exposed to single dose 10 mg CRN. Each volunteer gave one urine sample before administration and subsequently collected each within 24 h after administration. The concentration proposed CRN metabolites Δ(3)-caren-10-ol (CRN-10-OH), Δ(3)-caren-10-carboxylic acid (chaminic acid, CRN-10-COOH), Δ(3)-caren-3,4-diol (CRN-3,4-OH) determined using very specific sensitive GC-MS/MS procedure. Other investigated GC-PCI-MS Q1 scan analyses. CRN-10-COOH was detected with maximum (113.0-1,172.9 µg L(-1)) 2-3 h administration, whereas CRN-10-OH CRN-3,4-OH not any samples. renal excretion kinetics showed an elimination half-life about 3 h. cumulative exposure correlated 2 % applied dose. analysis indicated several additional metabolites; thereof, six spectra enabled prediction corresponding chemical structure. results study indicate that is relevant product oxidation its allylic methyl group proceeds until acidic structure without interruption. Thus, generation alcoholic intermediate appeared be rate-determining step this metabolic route. Nevertheless, proportion low, other oxidative are likely. This hypothesis confirmed by discovery metabolites, whose predicted structures fit further products metabolism.