Celery-based topical repellents as a potential natural alternative for personal protection against mosquitoes

摘要: Celery-based products were investigated for chemical composition, skin irritation, and mosquito repellency in comparison to commercial repellents the standard chemical, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), with a goal develop natural alternative synthetic protection against mosquitoes. Chemical identification by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry discovered that major constituents of Apium graveolens hexane extract (AHE) 3-n-butyl-tetrahydrophthalide (92.48%), followed 5.10% β-selinene 0.68% γ-selinene. Evaluation irritation 27 human volunteers revealed no irritant potential from 25% ethanolic AHE solution. Laboratory repellent female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes demonstrated G10 formula, best AHE-developed product, provided remarkable median time 4.5 h (4.5–5 h), which was greater than DEET solution (25% DEET, 3.5 h) comparable repellent, Insect Block 28 (28.5% h). According significantly promising results, including highly effective or other side effects, formula is worthwhile product has promise being developed commercialized registration. This could be an acceptable affordable conventional chemicals preventing bites, turn, helping interrupt mosquito-borne disease transmission.