Viruses of New Zealand pasture grasses and legumes: a review

摘要: This article reviews knowledge of 23 plant viruses infecting pasture grasses and legumes in New Zealand. The incidence, ecology impact each virus prospects for control using natural or artificial resistance genes by vector is discussed. most prevalent are Alfalfa mosaic White clover Cocksfoot mottle virus, Ryegrass Barley yellow dwarf grasses. Lucerne Australian latent restricted to the North Island Red necrotic largely South Island. These patterns likely be dynamic with ongoing changes weather patterns, land use, spread insect vectors continuing introduction vectors. existing potential threats 12 species tabulated gaps highlighted. Control including aphids, eriophyid mites soil-borne fungi probably not economic per se but could an additional benefit integrated pest management cropping systems. cost-effective practical preventative measures use virus-tested seed establish new pastures incorporation conventional breeding genetic engineering. Finally, recommendations made future research Zealand, which also relevant other temperate regions world.