The Evolutionary Basis and Function of Religion

摘要: In this paper, I offer a possible evolutionary explanation for the existence of religion and its ubiquity. suggest that evolved in modern humans through conflation two essential characteristics Homo sapiens sapiens. The first, social hierarchy, is observed all primates-indeed, socially-living animals. second, cognitive fluidity, appears to be unique our species. Religion resulted from cognitively-fluid humans' attempt relate ecological environment using strategies derived environment: viewed environmental stressors forces as humanlike, attempted them humanlike ways. This position represents synthesis ideas presented by researchers such Steven Mithen Stewart Elliott Guthrie. With example development Rastafari Jamaica, demonstrate adaptive advantage religion: religious group identity adaptively beneficial because it redefines reinforces networks altruism times increased stress, increasing overall fitness members. After examining potential weaknesses theses method testing them. conclude religion's emergence human culture likely due above-mentioned characteristics, has been maintained bestows. Evolutionary Basis Function Thesis Max A. Taylor environment. I. question adaptation true cultural universal. All known groups have beliefs practices, old Although content particular religions exhibits great diversity cross-culturally, phenomenon seems fundamental part equipment populations. It may therefore worthwhile consider, Edward O. Wilson others done, biological basis