摘要: When midwifery care entailed a more or less skilled woman in the village attending confinements of her neighbours, little organisation was required. Now that entails all women Western World being closely monitored throughout pregnancy, labour and postnatal days by who have highly developed clinical interpersonal skills, is major concern for involved. Georgopoulos (1972) describing problems hospital states: However useful necessary technological progress might be, it not substitute social efficiency; innovation improvements cannot compensate obsolescence social-psychological sector organisational arrangements on which system relies.