Scaling Processes in Metals and Alloys with Formation of Thick Protective Layers

摘要: We have been concerned until now with the fundamental phenomena involved in oxidation processes and on both thick thin protective layers. In present chapter we will extend apply mechanisms discussed earlier. start which lead to compact oxide layers, generally appear at high temperatures after long intervals. At time, research is being pushed— particularly studies of systems layers as opposed those tarnishing layers—so that a detailed discussion these especially useful. can take Wagner’s scaling formulas (3.21) (3.22) our starting point. (We must also consider dependence self-diffusion coefficients chemical potential metal or nonmetal.) Unlike (3.21), valid, limited since it only applicable electron conducting