Home range and activity patterns of male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the alps.

摘要: From 1978 to 1981 in the Bavarian Alps (Southern West Germany) home range and activity patterns of nine male red deer have been studied using radio-telemetry. The definetely change with age. Younger stags first follow their mothers, then often emigrate from these ranges establish new ones elsewhere. Except for at about 21/2 years age, seem be very constant both spatial as well seasonal position size ranges. Winter rutting are relatively small, averaging 113 ha 134 ha, respectively, whereas mean used spring autumn amounts some 386 ha. Just do patterns, so also exhibit a marked annual cycle. daily sum total varies 9 h winter 15 summer. distribution reveals typical bimodal 24-h rhythm which course year shows modifications according seasonally varying LD-ratio. In discussion, earlier results on female compared those this study. Notable differences between sexes occur cycle activity.