Effects of instream restoration measures on the physical habitats and benthic macroinvertebrates in an agricultural headwater stream

摘要: Abstract The effectiveness of instream restoration measures in improving habitats has been extensively examined; however, the evidence is inadequate to infer that these have positive effects on benthic macroinvertebrates. In this study, we compared wetland (IW), groin (GR), artificial drop (AD) and boulder placement (BP) physical habitat On a five-year scale (two six years after implementation project), sample sites treated with four unrestored upstream control site were compared. results show had significant macroinvertebrates agricultural headwater stream, quality was key factor affecting macroinvertebrates, restorative affected by interaction between measure time. observation period showed continuous improvement as well increase taxon richness diversity at restored sites. AD BP most density IW continuously remained high level. GR exhibited outstanding durability against resilience flood. Schemes involving densely placed streams medium time (six years).