A transboundary study of spatiotemporal patterns of livestock predation and prey preferences by snow leopard and wolf in the Pamir

摘要: Abstract Livestock depredation by the snow leopard and wolf is an eliciting human-carnivore conflict across their overlapping ranges augments economic burden of disadvantaged agro-pastoralist communities who share mountain ecosystem with carnivores. Hence, understanding patterns drivers essential to establish informed conservation measures. Human-carnivore poorly understood in transboundary region Pamir, covering Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan. In this paper, we have investigated spatiotemporal dynamics livestock prey selection wolf, through a questionnaire survey trans-border pastoralist living around Pamir Knot. Our results revealed explicit seasonal spatial variation study sites. The mixed-effect regression model reflected effect valley season-valley interactions be influential over predation count. contrary showed more variability for Afghan as compared Pakistan Tajik Pamir. Similarly, on varied time wolf. On temporal scale, was exclusively crepuscular, while found opportunist. Both predators preferred young animals adults. Amongst type, sheep goat accounted 92% offtake. reinstate that these two large carnivores serious issue We recommend short long term measures promotion cooperation protect sympatric tandem safeguards livelihoods.