N,N-Dimethylsulfamide as Precursor for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Formation upon Ozonation and its Fate During Drinking Water Treatment
作者： Carsten K. Schmidt , Heinz-Jürgen Brauch
DOI: 10.1021/ES7030467
关键词:
摘要: Application and microbial degradation of the fungicide tolylfluanide gives rise to a new decomposition product named N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS). In Germany, DMS was found in groundwaters surface waters with typical concentrations range 100-1000 ng/L 50-90 ng/L, respectively. Laboratory-scale field investigations concerning its fate during drinking water treatment showed that cannot be removed via riverbank filtration, activated carbon flocculation, oxidation or disinfection procedures based on hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, chlorine dioxide, UV irradiation. Even nanofiltration does not provide sufficient removal efficiency. During ozonation about 30-50% are converted carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The NDMA being formed is biodegradable can at least partially by subsequent biologically active steps including sand filtration. Disinfection hypochlorous acid converts so far unknown products but 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH).
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