Technological transformations in history: how the computer regime grew out of existing computing regimes

摘要: Abstract In the article we describe how digital computer regime grew out of existing computing regimes through a process transformation. This transformation is conceptualised as shift: change in rule set that underpins technical change, guiding innovative activity and output into particular directions. Examples such rules are standards, product user requirements, design organisational to produce, what produce. The paper describes new had start from structures old regimes, only later on developed its own distinctive elements. It specific changes particularly increasing division labour, growing schematisation activities development more sophisticated punch card machinery, contributed programming methods computer. How constrained also discussed. does not go actual processes diffusion computers domains. however discuss role market demand dynamics for evolution technology, which too often portrayed technology/science push phenomenon.