Interplay of spatial dynamics and local adaptation shapes species lifetime distributions and species–area relationships

摘要: The distributions of species lifetimes and in space are related, since with good local survival chances have more time to colonize new habitats inhabiting large areas higher survive disturbances. Yet, both been discussed mostly separate communities. Here, we study patterns simultaneously using a spatially explicit, evolutionary meta-food web model, consisting grid patches, where each patch contains food web. Species depends on predation competition interactions, which turn depend body masses as the key traits. system evolves due migration neighboring addition modifications existing species, extinction events. structure thus emerges self-organized manner highly non-trivial outcome relative scales these processes. Our model generates variety complex, multi-trophic networks therefore serves powerful tool investigate ecosystems long temporal spatial scales. We find that observed lifetime species–area relations resemble power laws over appropriately chosen parameter ranges agree qualitatively empirical findings. Moreover, observe strong finite-size effects, dependence relationships trophic level species. By comparing our results simple neutral models found literature, identify features affect values exponents.