Indigenous environmental defenders and the legacy of Macli-ing Dulag: Anti-dam dissent, assassinations, and protests in the making of Philippine energyscape

摘要: Abstract Globally, Indigenous Peoples’ dissent against unjust state and corporate incursions in their lands is being suppressed. States corporations use penal laws, anti-terrorist legislation, emergency powers to justify the detention of activists, who are subject intimidation, human rights violations, or, at worst, extrajudicial killings. In 2019, Philippines was named most murderous country for environmental defenders; yet literature about country, where militarization ancestral domains has been a continuing project, remains scant—in contrast extensive academic attention other places particularly Americas. This paper asks how, when Philippine started expand—what narratives mobilizations did history produce, how do these travel across space-time. Using multi-methods research focusing on Cordillera, mega-hydropower projects have extensively proposed as key mode energy transition, widely opposed by uncolonized peoples, this describes Macli-ing Dulag's assassination, Ifugao cultural performances, networked mobilization during second half 1970s up early 1980s becoming relevant present-day large-hydro projects.