Foliar mineral composition, fertilization and dieback of Norway spruce in the Belgian Ardennes.

摘要: Needles from healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at Willerzie in the West Ardennes and trees with symptoms of dieback Langesthal East were analyzed by age class for mineral composition. Both stands on acid oligotrophic soils. At Willerzie, needles sampled plots fertilized 12 to 17 years earlier (dolomitic lime plus N, P K) as well unfertilized plots. Effects fertilization included increased levels calcium, manganese, phosphorus, copper reduced total sulfur, sulfate-S, sulfate-S:total S, potassium aluminum. Levels magnesium, boron low both sites and, Langesthal, calcium magnesium may have been deficient. Sulfur level was normal but mean sulfur content all classes 198 mg 100 g(-1) dry weight, a that be toxic. In older needles, N:S ratio below threshold value eight reported necessary growth. Other stress observed high S nitrate-N:total N ratios. manganese probably adequate although only one-fifth Willerzie. aluminum iron very sites. Most much occurred surface deposit could removed washing chloroform.