Ozone Flux Measurement and Modelling on Leaf/Shoot and Canopy Scale

摘要: The quantitative study of the ozone effects on agricultural and forest vegetation requires knowledge pollutant dose absorbed by plants via leaf stomata, i.e. stomatal flux. Nevertheless, toxicologically effective can differ from flux because a pool scavenging detoxification processes reduce amount responsible expression harmful effects. measurement is not immediate quantification still troublesome. paper examines conceptual aspects modelling in ecological research. paradigm conceptualized into toxicological frame faced at two different scales: leaf/shoot canopy scales. Leaf shoot scale measurements require gas-exchange enclosure techniques, while need micrometeorological approach including techniques such as eddy covariance aerodynamical gradient. At both scales, all measured In fact, negligible destroyed external plant surfaces, like cuticles, or gas phase reaction with biogenic volatile compounds. portion be calculated concurrent water vapour fluxes Canopy level very fast sensors fulfilment many conditions to ensure that made above really reflect (constant hypothesis). Again, adjustments are necessary order correct for air density fluctuations sensor-surface alignment break. As far regards modelling, simply obtained multiplying concentration conductance predicted means physiological models fed meteorological parameter. SVAT often based energy balance soil-vegetation-atmosphere system big-leaf concept. This latter assumes equivalent single having area equal total plant’s leaves lying certain height ground. complexity ranges one-dimensional three-dimensional models. most used single-layer, dual-source multi-layer version. main uncertainties currently associated estimation non-stomatal component up-scaling process stand level. For separate representation sunlit shaded recommended.