Male coercion and convenience polyandry in a calopterygid damselfly.

摘要: Copulation in odonates requires female cooperation because females must raise their abdomen to allow intromission. Nevertheless Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis (Odonata) males commonly grasp ovipositing and apparently force copulations. This has been interpreted as a consequence of extreme population density male-male competition. We studied this behavior at two sites on river that had different densities over three years. As predicted, high most matings were forced (i.e. not preceded by courtship), but low courtship. Courtship shorter density, did affect the duration matings. Females cooperated even if they very few mature eggs. Furthermore, mated more times experienced higher male harassment during oviposition, second subsequent likely be forced. interpret these results mean engage “convenience polyandry”, gain accepting copulation than resisting males. The also suggest might trade copulations for protection, under is so intense can impede oviposition.