Stimulus dimensions of the cold pressor test and the associated patterns of cardiovascular response

摘要: Hemodynamics of the cold pressor response in relation to its pain and nonpain stimulus components were investigated normotensive college men using foot forehead tasks. Mechanisms pain- non-pain-related increases blood pressure analyzed as residual effects concurrent changes total peripheral resistance cardiac output. The identified partial relationships suggested that pattern associated with included positive change both output resistance, whereas nonpain-related was limited an increase resistance. Analyses individual differences cardiovascular responses further indicated pain-related increments mediated by a steeper rise heart rate, apparent preload. At baseline, high reactors manifested relatively elevated diminished output, indication reduced inotropic state, suggesting altered basal homeostasis may discriminate individuals displaying heightened reactivity aversive stimulation.