Review of oil-water through pipes

摘要: Abstract In oilfield operations, co-current flow of oil–water mixture is very common and can cause significant assurance problems during production. Accurate knowledge behaviour in a pipeline crucial to design/optimize production, transportation, processing facilities. Many researchers have attempted generalize the liquid–liquid or two phase systems through mechanical models develop means for predicting patterns, pressure drop, water holdups. However, crude oil properties differ system be operated over various range operating conditions subsequently encounter an altered hydrodynamics system. To worsen situation, almost all empirical correlations developed were low viscosity with majority focused on gas–liquid flow. Thus, comprehensive still remain unsolved some issues especially when involving high waxy oils. Hence attempt multiphase seems impractical. Since conventional light easy reserves are gradually depleted, thus many research works pipes been initiated. Presently, there limited number papers viscous open literature which has confined understanding two-phase this communication, we report review current state phenomena, highlighting what so far realized how applied as basis understand better more complex cases gas-crude three