Changes in soil characteristics and grass layer condition in relation to land management systems in the semi-arid savannas of Swaziland

摘要: The issue of sustainability and productivity open communal rangelands compared to fenced is often subject controversy. This study investigated differences in soil grass layer variables between land management systems having high (communal land), low (government ranch) medium (game reserve) stocking rates, types (lithosol vertisol or raw mineral). results showed that had caused considerable variations most vegetation variables. Soil from moderate rate highest K, Ca, P N levels. Cenchrus ciliaris, Panicum maximum Heteropogon contortus were abundant the rate, while annuals Tragus berteronianus Aristida bipartita frequent on rate. There frequency these species types. Significant for suggested grazing pressure might be primary cause. supports equilibrium model, which stresses importance livestock density dynamics.