Fundamentals of plasma physics

摘要: CONTENTS 1. General Properties of Plasmas 1.1 Definition a Plasma 1.2 as the Fourth State Matter 1.3 Production 1.4 Particle Interactions and Collective Effects 1.5 Some Basic Phenomena 2. Criteria for De.nition 2.1 Macroscopic Neutrality 2.2 Debye Shielding 2.3 The Frequency 3. Occurrence in Nature 3.1 Sun its Atmosphere 3.2 Solar Wind 3.3 Magnetosphere Van Allen Radiation Belts 3.4 Ionosphere 3.5 Beyond System 4. Applications Physics 4.1 Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 4.2 Magnetohydrodynamic Generator 4.3 Propulsion 4.4 Other Devices 5. Theoretical Description 5.1 Considerations on Self-Consistent Formulation 5.2 Approaches Problems Introduction Energy Conservation Uniform Electrostatic Field Magnetostatic Formal Solution Equation Motion Cartesian Coordinates Magnetic Moment Magnetization Current Fields 6. Drift Due to an External Force Spatial Variation Divergence Terms Gradient Curvature Shear First Order Approximation Average Over One Gyration Period Parallel Perpendicular Total Acceleration Guiding Center 6.1 Invariance Orbital Flux 6.2 Mirror Effect 6.3 Longitudinal Adiabatic Invariant 7. 8. Combined Gradient-Curvature Slowly Time-Varying Electric Polarization Dielectric Constant with Arbitrary Time Physical Interpretation Mobility Dyad Conductivity Cyclotron Resonance Space-Varying Invariants Heating Summary Drifts Densities Phase Space Single-Particle Many-Particle Volume Elements Distribution Function Number Density Velocity Boltzmann Colisionless Jacobian Transformation 5.3 E.ects Relaxation Model Collision Term Vlasov Value Quantity Peculiar Momentum Flow or Tensor Pressure Concept per Unit Area 6.4 Scalar Absolute Temperature Heat Vector Triad 9. 10. Higher Moments Equilibrium Principle Detailed Balance Binary Collisions Summation Maxwell-Boltzmann Determination Coe.cients Local Most Probable M