Phylogeography of herbarium specimens of asexually propagated paper mulberry [Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. (Moraceae)] reveals genetic diversity across the Pacific.

摘要: Background and aims Paper mulberry or Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Her. ex Vent. (Moraceae) is a dioecious species native to continental South-east Asia East Asia, including Taiwan, that was introduced the Pacific by pre-historic voyagers transported intentionally propagated asexually across full range of Austronesian expansion from Taiwan Polynesia. The aim this study gain insight into dispersal paper Oceania through genetic analysis herbaria samples which represent more complete coverage historical geographical in before later introductions local extinctions occurred. Methods DNA 47 herbarium specimens B. collected 1882 2006 different islands obtained under ancient protocols. Genetic characterization based on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 sequence, sex marker, chloroplast ndhF-rpl32 intergenic set ten microsatellites developed for papyrifera. Key results Microsatellites allowed detection 15 genotypes Near Remote Oceanian samples, spite vegetative propagation Pacific. These are structured two groups separating West Polynesia, place Pitcairn pivotal position. We also detected presence male plants carry Polynesian (cpDNA) haplotype, contrast findings contemporary populations where only female bear cpDNA haplotype. Conclusions For first time, diversity among accessions Oceania. A clear separation between Polynesia found may be indicative pulses during its history. pattern linking within reflects importance central as hub, agreement with archaeological evidence.