Propagation of Extremely Low Frequency Waves Through the Ionosphere

摘要: The propagation features of extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves through the multicomponent ionospheric plasma are studied. It is shown that at relatively lower frequencies refractive index for right hand mode higher than left-hand mode, which reversed frequencies. thermal temperature particle causes decrease in phase and group velocities both modes. crossover different models computed variation with ion concentration velocity Explicit expression travel time has been derived studied numerically. Finally, we have presented simulation whistler spectrograms Hydrogen, Helium Oxygen ions present plasma. results compared experimentally detected hydrogen helium whistlers. importance study exploration illustrated.