Reflection of electromagnetic waves by density gradients in a magnetised plasma

摘要: Abstract The reflection of electromagnetic waves by density gradients in a plasma with magnetic field derived from scalar potential is studied. Conditions are found for at grazing incidence surface S containing lines. No restriction placed on the angle between wave-normal and field, account taken curvature anisotropy medium. Particular reference made to whistler-mode magnetosphere. minimum electron enhancement needed calculated. Guidance small-scale irregularities ‘super whistlers’ (whistlers upper cut-off above one-half equatorial cyclotron frequency) briefly discussed.