Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism.

摘要: Several studies have reported that female smokers a higher risk of lung cancer than male smokers. This could be related to sex differences in nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior. study tested the hypothesis women metabolize more rapidly men among oral contraceptive users nonusers contraceptives. Two hundred seventy-eight healthy volunteers who were twins 16 siblings recruited from Northern California Twin Registry received an infusion deuterium-labeled cotinine with frequent blood sampling. The plasma clearances clearance (an index cytochrome P450 [CYP] 2A6 activity) ratio trans-3-hydroxycotinine (another indicator CYP2A6 measured. trans-3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine significantly (nicotine 15.6 ± 4.3 mL - min/-1 kg/-1 versus 18.8 6.6 -- women; P < .001); they also taking contraceptives those not 22.5 17.6 6.1 not; .05). Women menopausal or postmenopausal different men. Among was accelerated combined estrogen-only but progesterone-only Conclusions: Sex hormones influence metabolism. Nicotine is faster compared are not. Accelerated appears result estrogen. Sex-related affect behaviors as well response medications marker for altered nicotine-derived carcinogens. (authors)