Do Mycorrhizal Fungi Enable Plants to Cope with Abiotic Stresses by Overcoming the Detrimental Effects of Salinity and Improving Drought Tolerance

摘要: Soil salinization and drought are major growing ecological problems. They limit the productivity of crop plants cultivated on more than 20% total agricultural lands worldwide. Global climate changes sequences agriculture-related management practices would induce salinity to 50% arable land by 2050. Excess salt in soil impedes plant photosynthetic processes, seed germination, root uptake water nutrients such as K+. Under same conditions, deficiency is also one serious limiting factors for growth food security. Application biological processes mycorrhizal fungi inoculants provide a cost-effective long-term solution coping with saline conditions. Inoculation along certain microbial strains drought-affected soils increase infection. Arbuscular (AMF) renowned effective scavengers free radicals thereby increasing parameters optimal growth. The mechanism cope stress involves AMF-enhance tolerance through direct nutrient via extraradical hyphae, better system architecture, enhancement antioxidant defense systems, greater osmotic adjustment. Mycorrhizal colonization upregulates expression chloroplast genes leaves, encoding membrane transport proteins involved K+/Na+ homeostasis roots. inoculated seedlings exhibit high salicylic acid concentrations lower leaf jasmonic under stress. AMF improve hydraulic conductivity well status Essential taken up hyphae differences P K acquisition, transpiration, stomatal conductance related efficiencies different fungi. Indigenous microorganisms may be promising technology performance development alleviate damage.