Pancreas islets in metabolic signaling - focus on the beta-cell

摘要: Taken together the Islets of Langerhans form a nutrient sensing network spread throughout pancreas. They are tightly connected to source organ - intestine and target organs liver, muscle, fat cells. The expression unique set proteins enables [beta] cells, most frequent islet cell type, detect elevated blood glucose levels secrete insulin accordingly. Neighbouring [beta]-cells achieve tighter regulation glucose-induced secretion by coordination through surface proteins. also adjust their secretory pathway capacity flow avoid being damaged. immediate reaction nutrients is regulated translational mechanisms, while longer term adaptations involve changes in transcription. Glucose increases protein synthesis overall especially that some including insulin. This effect may be mediated recognition RNA motifs untranslated regions those messengers. Failure essential molecular components system due mutation or weakness paired with cellular stress can lead dysfunctions, which on larger scale manifest as diseases like diabetes mellitus.