Does sulfide or water hardness protect against chronic silver toxicity in Daphnia magna? A critical assessment of the acute-to-chronic toxicity ratio for silver.

摘要: The protective effects of sulfide and water hardness against acute chronic silver toxicity in Daphnia magna were assessed the presence food. Results showed that both protected lethal terms mortality. However, only a effect sub-lethal on growth reproduction. These findings suggest reactive must be taken into account development version Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) for waterborne silver. Furthermore, acute-to-chronic ratio values small increases are seen over exposure relative to toxicity. Mortality is most sensitive endpoint moderately hard sulfide. Reproduction, measured as number neonates produced per adult reproduction day, one absence