Accumulation of Heavy Metals in People on a Gluten-Free Diet

摘要: Background & Aims Specific foods such as fish and rice have high concentrations of metals arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, cobalt. Many gluten-free diets (GFDs) include these foods, so we evaluated whether a GFD was associated with increased metal bioaccumulation. Methods We performed population-based, cross-sectional study using data collected from the National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009 through 2012, collecting information on diagnosis celiac disease adherence to GFD. tested NHANES blood samples identify individuals undiagnosed disease, assays for immunoglobulin A tissue transglutaminase followed by confirmatory test endomysial antibody. Among total 11,354 participants, diagnosed in 55 based results or reported clinical diagnosis. survey levels cadmium subjects who were (n = 115) participants not 11,239). Levels arsenic urine available 3901 following 32 asked questions about shellfish consumption. multivariate logistic regression analyses associate gluten-related conditions lead concentration adjusting demographic characteristics, well consumption seafood intake. Geometric means urinary groups (subjects without avoid gluten). Results Persons had significantly mercury (1.37 mcg/L) compared persons (0.93 (P = .008), (1.42 vs 1.13 mcg/L; P = .007) (0.42 0.34 .03). Urine higher (15.15 than (8.38 .002). After controlling all heavy remained GFD, those exclusion people 101) (1.40 10,890) .02) (1.44 .01) (14.69 mcg/L [n = 3632] 8.32 28]; .01). Blood avoiding gluten (0.34 mcg/L), but this difference significant .06). Conclusions In an analysis NHANES, gluten. Studies are needed determine long-term effects accumulation elements