Wildlife Science: Gaining Reliable Knowledge

摘要: Two scientific methods called induction and retroduction form the basis for almost all wildlife research. Induction is used to establish reliable associations among sets of facts, whereas research hypotheses about fact-giving processes driving nature. A 3rd method, hypothetico-deductive (H-D), a means testing hypotheses, i.e., gauging their reliability. The H-D method rarely in science. Instead, are proposed, either made into law through verbal repetition or lose favor forgotten. I develop thesis that should use test using thresh- old-of-security hypothesis winter mortality illustration. show persistent confusions definitions concepts like carrying capacity, correlation cause-and-effect, reliability knowl- edge gained from computer simulation models stem inadequate misused methods. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 45(2):293-313