Uniform system for the evaluation of substances II Effects assessment
作者： D.T. Jager , T.G. Vermeire , W. Slooff , H. Roelfzema
DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90108-2
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摘要: Abstract This is the second article in series on USES, Uniform System for Evaluation of Substances. In hazards are expressed as PEC/NEC ratios, Predicted Environmental Concentration, divided by No-Effect Concentration. describes extrapolation methods used to derive concentrations that assumed be “safe” (No-Effect Concentrations, NECs, or Levels, NELs) groups protected: humans, aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial including top predators, sewage treatment plant functioning. For ecosystems, factors 10, 100 1000 (according a modification EPA method), but if at least 4 experimental No-Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) known, statistical method (Aldenberg Slob). Altematively, proposed EC Guidance Document new substances can used. usually no carried out, test data mammals compared directly exposure level create Margin Of Safeties (MOS). procedure leaves more room expert judgement than rigid factor approach. hazard ranking, Levels humans derived, making use fixed 100, 10000, depending type available. The NECs NELs will applied risk characterization stage USES.
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