摘要: Schools have historically been the great equalizer in American landscape—the “ticket out” for youth struggling to overcome conditions of adversity and poverty (Pianta & Walsh, 1998). For immigrants eastern seaboard, schools were safe havens where children learned English, received public health services, became literate employable (Pulliam Van Patten, 2007). As each wave homesteaders moved west across country, popped up alongside newly broken sod. Universal access education has a defining feature North culture, are fertile settings promoting intellectual, psychological, personal competence (Masten Coatsworth,
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