Pharmacotherapy for Alcoholism and Some Related Psychiatric and Addictive Disorders: Scientific Basis and Clinical Findings

摘要: The past decade has seen an expansion of research and knowledge on pharmacotherapy for the treatment alcohol dependence. Food Drug Administration approved naltrexone a derivative depot formulation (Vivitrol®) dependence, but their therapeutic effect sizes are small. Acamprosate demonstrated efficacy treating dependence in European trials, with small size. also acamprosate based results these trials. Notably, however, studies United States have not found acamprosate. Research continues to explore which types alcohol-dependent individual would benefit most from or combination two medications one study, this was confirmed multi-site study States. Another Administration–approved medication disulfiram, is aversive agent that does diminish craving alcohol. Disulfiram effective when given those who highly compliant receiving under supervision. Promising continue be developed Of these, topiramate medium size large clinical promising medication, baclofen, shown might particularly useful treat individuals liver cirrhosis. Serotonergic agents such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors appear efficacious only among certain subtypes alcoholic. Exciting new utility serotonin-3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron, pharmacogenetic There been renewed interest developing gamma-hydroxybutyric acid alcoholism; novel dosage formulations will needed reduce its potential addiction. Many comorbid psychiatric addictive disorders associated commonly Nevertheless, areas systematic done identify medicines conditions selected brief discussion. Among disorders, affective disorders—particularly bipolar disorder depression—and anxiety-related including social phobia. Valproic being investigated currently treatments disorder. Despite lack indications, experimental inhibitor both without depression. Ondansetron paroxetine inhibitor, sertraline, may post-traumatic stress no specific complicated by general anxiety Alcohol smokers is, perhaps, studied studied, varenicline.