Concentrations and speciation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Al in mine-polluted Norwegian rivers : influence of main water parameters and consequences to fish

摘要: This thesis presents concentration and speciation data for Cu, Zn, Cd, Al in eight highland rivers streams the Roros area, central Norway. About 16 sampling campaigns were performed before, during after floods spring autumn of 1997. Due to rain- snowmelt-induced flushout from weathered mine tailings, flood episodes expected produce high concentrations metals local rivers. The examined river sites represent highly different degrees pollution, height above sea level, annual discharge, pH, etc., project is aimed towards producing general information about temporal variations metal chemistry parameters important this similar regions. Dissolved species fractionated by dialysis situ, colloidal filtration, total (more precisely; soluble 0.1 M HNO3) determined directly acidification. Ca concentration, water temperature, a lesser extent precipitation TOC also monitored. In addition Cu Zn/Cd metallothioneins studied kidney, liver gills trout (salmo trutta) populations two characterized completely fingerprints.The results showed that Al, possibly Zn Cd as well, practically particulate or form at pH values 7 above. At levels one few units lower, trace shifted occur almost dissolved. range which change colloidal/particulate dissolved occurred, depended on concerned water. High (> 8) seemed accompany low fractions metals, probably because adsorbed molecular weight organic compounds coatings inorganic particles. lower than 8 mg/L, 50 % fraction was estimated ~7.2 ~5.8 respectively, whereas 7.7. latter slightly higher highest value observed present investigation. Higher (>8 mg/L) increased adsorption made start up unit waters (<8 mg/L).Total generally elevated conditions neutral rivers, significantly lowered. spite decreased periods, due enhanced particle concentrations. Thus apparantly brought into less acute toxic state. However may have influenced toxicity other ways well; e.g. free ion activity could pH. But even if case, would not necessarily be since H+ competes with ions uptake biological membranes.Alkalinity reduce negative effects both conditions. obviously unfortunate aquatic organisms. Generally however, peaks occurred beginning rising floods, followed very alkalinity, weeks later discharge maximum that. Ca2+ had yet reached their minimum, is; most unfavorable condition protect organisms against maximum.The snowcap covering River Orva accumulated contained huge amounts substantially snowmelt. impacts reaches large Glama receives Orva. It suggested hydroelectric power plant Kurasfossen should regulate runoff manner order smooth out peaks.Gill metallothionein (MT) Rugla Cd/Zn MT Naustebekken appreciably run-off episodes. kidneys enough account all but only minor these organs. For indicates detoxifying mechanisms more MT.