Select Clinical Trials of Erlotinib (OSI-774) in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Emphasis on Phase III Outcomes

摘要: Lung cancer is primarily diagnosed during the advanced stage of disease, at which treatment options are severely limited. It for this reason that lung carries a higher mortality rate than breast, prostate, and colon cancers combined. Traditional treatments metastatic non-small-cell (NSCLC) include chemotherapy; however, approach, although standard care, toxic nonspecific, thereby rendering inaccessible to those with poor performance status. Alternatively, there recent emerging involve inhibiting specific molecular targets. This includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known potentiate tumor cell proliferation metastases, while also attenuating apoptosis. target especially important because approximately 85% all categorized as NSCLC, expresses EGFR 40%-85%. In addition, newly developed EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been used in clinical trials encouraging results. To date, gefitinib erlotinib (OSI-774; Tarceva) most studied TKIs NSCLC. article we focused on 3 recently completed involving monotherapy (BR.21 study) or combination chemotherapeutic regimens (TALENT TRIBUTE trials) When carboplatin/paclitaxel (TALENT) cisplatin/gemcitabine (TRIBUTE), was found not improve survival. These results contrast what would be predicted from preclinical data outcomes, but they complement phase III reports similar combinations gefitinib. Subset analysis trial revealed never-smokers had greatest survival benefit. Conversely, has exhibited overall benefits when study). information mutations within domain may implicated response seen trials.