Keep the wolf from the door : How to conserve wolves in Europe's human-dominated landscapes?

摘要: The recolonization of wolves in European human-dominated landscapes poses a conservation challenge to protect this species and manage conflicts. question how humans can co-exist with large carnivores often triggers strong emotions. Here we provide an objective, science-based discussion on possible management approaches. Using existing knowledge carnivore from Europe other parts the globe, develop four potential wolf scenarios; 1) population control, 2) protection compensation, 3) fencing, 4) managing behaviour man. For each scenario, discuss its impact ecology, prospects reducing wolf-human conflicts it relates current legislation. Population control fencing local populations are problematic because their ecological impacts In contrast, no-interference approach does not have these problems but will likely increase human-wolf Despite challenges European, landscapes, argue that must focus strengthening separation between by influencing fine spatio-temporal scale prevent reduce As also demands sufficiently wild prey base, urge restoring natural ungulate populations, Mutual avoidance provides key success, is critical avoid creating conditions for reinstating persecution as default policy Europe.