Isotopic Tracers for Obtaining Hydrologic Parameters

摘要: The use of artificially injected isotopic tracers, mostly radioactive, in hydrology can be traced back to the post-war trend peaceful application radionuclides. advantages these tracers were mainly seen fact that they specifically detected very low amounts and concentrations which do not disturb hydrologic system under investigation. In hydrology, further compared conventional labelling tests with dyes salts. Radioactive adapted purpose duration investigation by choosing suitable chemical compounds half-lives. addition, variety available extended for multi-tracer finally radioactive decay results spontaneous removal tracer substance following end test. At first glance then appeared highly effective techniques. As early as 1950, Knop reported measurements passage times a sewage treatment plant using sodium chloride solution labelled Na. Figure 1 shows curve round clarifier plant. different residence clearly recognized secondary peaks. Groundwater was Hours (1955) Br groundwater evaluated on Kaufmann Orlob (1956). With encouragement hydrogeologist Ferdinand Neumaier, I started at Institute Physics University Munich drinking water supply area autumn 1951. Iodine-131 form ethyl iodide an upstream row gauges underground barrier attempts made detect downstream order localize leakage points barrier. monitor outflow, decrease over time concentration measured injection borehole. turned out exponential. This observation led development ”Point Dilution