作者: Tobias Wang , William Joyce , James W Hicks
DOI: 10.1016/J.COPHYS.2019.05.007
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摘要: The anatomy of the heart and respiratory organs differs enormously amongst vertebrates, absolute rates oxygen uptake – both at rest exercise — are several-fold higher in endothermic birds mammals when compared to fish, amphibians reptiles (all ectothermic). Despite these large differences, all vertebrates can elevate rate consumption by 5–10 times engaging physical exercise. increased delivery is attained increasing convective flows (i.e. ventilation cardiac output) as well extraction from blood leading that widens arterial-venous concentration difference with an approximately 90%. All members vertebrate classes appear exhibit some diffusive limitation for gills or lungs, whereas arterial PCO2 tends decrease due hyperventilation.