Beyond a minimum substrate supply: sustaining saproxylic beetles in semi-natural forest management.

摘要: Abstract Woody debris provides substrate for a large part of forest biodiversity. Many saproxylic species are threatened by deadwood removal from commercial forests. However, availability alone may be insufficient to sustain those specialist species, given that naturally they inhabit diverse and dynamic ecosystems. We analysed the occurrence beetles under conditions semi-natural forestry in Estonia where managed stands relatively rich deadwood. had two aims: (i) estimate role amount taking into account other habitat factors beetles, (ii) contribute assessment ecological sustainability silvicultural approaches used. The 128 studied represented four management stages: clear-cuts, retention cuts with solitary trees, mature forests, (as reference) old growth across gradient site-types. Using flight-intercept traps rearing wood samples, we captured 105 pre-defined which 41% were regional conservation concern. Site-scale 34 modelled depended mostly on stage type. Harvested sites (particularly cuts) primarily preferred, dry pine distinct fauna. Thirteen percent target favoured growth, but general, beetle assemblages resembled forest. Statistical significance any stand characteristics (site type; structure) was established only 62% indicates there can additional important factors, such as connectivity, patch size or landscape history. These results highlight importance protection deadwood-dwellers, should aim heterogeneity along diversity. For diversity, cutting performs much better than clear-cutting, even deadwood-rich cannot fully substitute growth. conclude abundance serves starting consideration reconciling timber production dependent