Characterization of Clean and Fouled Rail Track Ballast Subsurface Using Seismic Surface Survey Method: Model and Field Studies

摘要: The efficiency of track foundation material gradually decreases due to insufficient lateral confinement, ballast fouling, and loss shear strength the subsurface soil under cyclic loading. This paper presents characterization rail identify fouling layers wave velocity using seismic survey. Seismic surface method multi-channel analysis (MASW) has been carried out in model field for finding clean fouled subsurface. (SWV) increases with increase percentage, reaches a maximum value then decreases. character is similar typical compaction curve soil, which used define optimum critical percentage (OFP CFP). Critical 15 % noticed Coal 25 clayey sand ballast. OFP CFP before Fouling reduces voids there by drainage. Combined plot permeability SWV shows that after point drainage condition goes below acceptable limit. Shear velocities are measured selected location Wollongong carrying In-situ samples were collected degrees measured. Field values more than same degree might be sleeper's confinement. article also highlights gradation widely followed different countries comparison Indian international standards. contains coarser particle size when compared other countries. upper limit matches lower curves America Australia. railways poorly graded favorable conditions. engineering needs extensive research improve