Pathogenic aspects of snoring and obstructive apnea syndrome.

摘要: Abstract Snoring (inspiratory noise related to narrowing of the upper airways) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are two aspects same basic disorder: sleep-related airways. Patients with OSA have been heavy snorers for years even decades. Lying supine induces snoring mild in due hypotonia pharyngeal dilator muscles, decreasing waking neural drive recumbent position, which contribute functional Functional factors obstruction during include (a) respiratory instability prevalent male sex, (b) increased extensibility lax tissues surrounding oro-pharynx (c) deficient contraction muscles inspiration. These effects worsened by deprivation fragmentation, alcohol intake sedatives. Anatomical favoring airways patients abnormally narrow as well thickness length velum palatinum patients, tonsillar adenoid hypertrophy, micro- retrognathia, nasal insufficiency, (d) obesity fat infiltration soft particular oropharynx, (e) relatively open mandibular angle, hypertrophy tongue, lowered hyoid bone (as shown MRI imaging). It is possible that many anatomical abnormalities may be consequence apnea. During NREM ineffective inspiratory efforts progressively increase worsening hypoxia hypercapnia. The become patent again when arousal phasic activation muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)