A Meta-analytic Comparison of Face-to-Face and Online Delivery in Ethics Instruction: The Case for a Hybrid Approach

摘要: Despite the growing body of literature on training in responsible conduct research, few studies have examined effectiveness delivery formats used ethics courses (i.e., face-to-face, online, hybrid). The present effort sought to address this gap through a meta-analytic review 66 empirical studies, representing 106 and 10,069 participants. frequency 67 instructional process-based content areas were also assessed for each format. Process-based contents best delivered whereas online most effective when restricted compliance-based contents. Overall, hybrid found be effective, suggesting that are using blend areas. Implications recommendations future development education sciences discussed.