Environmental and occupational causes of cancer: new evidence 2005-2007.

摘要: What do we currently know about the occupational and environmental causes of cancer? As 2007, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identified 415 known or suspected carcinogens. arises through an extremely complicated web multiple causes, will likely never full range agents combinations agents. We that preventing exposure to individual carcinogens prevents disease. Declines in cancer rates-such as drop male lung cases from reduction tobacco smoking bladder among cohorts dye workers elimination specific aromatic amines-provides evidence is possible when act what know. Although overall age-adjusted incidence rates United States both men women have declined last decade, several types cancers are rise; some which linked exposures. This report chronicles most recent epidemiologic linking exposures with cancer. Peer-reviewed scientific studies published January 2005 June 2007 were reviewed, supplementing our state-of-the-evidence September 2005. Despite weaknesses certain studies, consider increased risk somewhat strengthened by publications, them brain non-ionizing radiation, particularly radiofrequency fields emitted mobile telephones; breast pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) before puberty; leukemia 1,3-butadiene; air pollution; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) pesticides solvents; prostate pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metal working fluids mineral oils. In addition NHL cancer, early findings National Institutes Health Agricultural Study suggest additional may be a variety pesticides. Our also briefly describes toxicological related carcinogenic effect chemicals mechanisms difficult study humans, namely bis-phenol A epigenetic, trans-generational effects. To underscore multi-factorial, multi-stage nature present technical description causation summarizing current knowledge molecular biology. argue new prevention paradigm, one based understanding ultimately caused interacting factors rather than paradigm dubious attributable fractions. demands limit avoidable carcinogens, combination important like diet lifestyle. The research literature constantly growing, future updates carried out light biological methods studying human populations. state sufficient compel us repeat call ecologist Sandra Steingraber: "From right duty inquire flows obligation act."