The sarcomere and the nucleus: functional links to hypertrophy, atrophy and sarcopenia.

摘要: Skeletal muscle has a remarkable ability to rapidly adjust changes in physiological requirements. This includes hypertrophic growth and the atrophic loss of mass, both which occur response hormonal, endocrine mechanical stimuli. In ageing muscle, sarcopenia (the fibres) can aggravate hormonally mechanically induced atrophy. Hypertrophy atrophy are associated with sarcomeric protein composition metabolic enzymes. The coordinated transcriptional splice mechanisms, turnover cell fate integrates signalling pathways from hormone cytokine receptors, as well sarcomere itself. involves number proteins that shuttle between nonsarcomeric localisations thus convey signals contractile machinery nucleus. M-band is emerging hub mainly for protein-kinase regulated ubiquitin turnover, whereas I-band Z-disk contain stretch-sensitive involving modifiers. Disruptions these cause hereditary myopathies.