Phytanic acid: measurement of plasma concentrations by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and associations with diet and other plasma fatty acids.

摘要: Epidemiological data suggest that a diet rich in animal foods may be associated with an increased risk of several cancers, including cancers the prostate, colorectum and breast, but possible mechanism is unclear. It hypothesised phytanic acid, C20 branched-chain fatty acid found predominantly from ruminant animals, involved early cancer development because it has been shown to up regulate activity a-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, enzyme commonly over-expressed tumour cells compared normal tissue. However, little known about distribution plasma concentrations or its dietary determinants general population. The primary aim present cross-sectional study was determine circulating among ninety-six meat-eating, lacto-ovo-vegetarian vegan women, aged 20 –69 years, recruited into Oxford component European Prospective Investigation Cancer Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Meat-eaters had, on average, 6.7-fold higher geometric mean concentration than vegans (5·77 v. 0·86mmol/l; P, 0·0001) 47 % vegetarians 3·93mmol/l; P¼ 0·016). strongest determinant appeared dairy fat intake (r 0·68; 0·0001); levels were not age other lifestyle factors. These show high products concentration, which play role development. Phytanic acid: Measurement: Diet: Dairy fat: EPIC-Oxford aetiology highlighted 1970 s when noted Western countries have diets rates prostate 1 . through consumption increase these known, although insulin-like growth factorI 2,3 suggested. recent hypothesis due content 4 , such might also conceivably affect breast colorectum. Interest (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid), red meat products, originated finding extremely tissue individuals certain genetic metabolic disorders, as Refsum disease 5 proposed moderately elevated within range, amethylacyl-coenzyme racemase (AMACR) 5,6 required for peroxisomal b-oxidation colon their precursor lesions, 7–1 This led AMACR over-expression common increases stage derived phytol, breakdown product chlorophyll. Phytol produced human gut, micro-organisms gastrointestinal system ruminants can break down chlorophyll release then converted 15 sources UK are therefore thought almost exclusively animals (beef, lamb containing milk fats cows, sheep goats), some fish whose food chain includes large amounts plankton contain