The tick Ixodes ricinus: distribution and climate preferences in the western Palaearctic.

摘要: In this study, multivariate spatial clustering on monthly normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maps is used to classify ecological regions over the western Palaearctic. This classification then delineate distribution and climate preferences of populations (clades) tick Ixodes ricinus L. (Acari: Ixodidae) from a geographically extensive dataset records gridded 2.5-km resolution dataset. Using layers NDVI, similar attributes were defined nine with significant differences in critical parameters (P< 0.005) detected. Grouping according other categories, such as political divisions, 4 degrees x grid overlying study area, or CORINE) USGS) schemes did not provided significantly separated (P = 0.094-0.304). Factor analysis hierarchical tree an overview these clades: two Mediterranean one Scandinavian (western) clades are clearly node that includes different parts central Europe British Isles, contrasting affinities between clades. The capture ecologically produce clear bias when bioclimate envelope modelling applied mapping habitat suitability for best-performing methods (Cohen's kappa 0.834-0.912) use partial models developed data each ecoregion, which overlapped region study. It concluded derived ecoregions objective step assessing presence clades, provides guide development partitioning modelling.