Implications of fish home range size and relocation for marine reserve function

摘要: Reserves are being used increasingly to conserve fish communities and populations under threat from overfishing, but little consideration has been given how behavior might affect reserve function. This review examines the implications of use space, in particular occurrence size home ranges frequency direction range relocations. Examples drawn primarily literature on coral reef fishes, principles apply other habitats. can protect species only if individuals restrict their movements a localized during at least part life cycle. Home sizes increase with body size. In small reserves, significant proportion whose centered within be exposed fishing mortality because include non-reserve areas. Relocation following initial settlement increases exposure fishery, especially habitat selection is frequency-dependent. Distance, barriers, costs movement counter such redistribution. These considerations lead predictions that population density mean (1) will form gradients across boundaries maxima center minima outside away boundary; (2) rapidly newly established later providing ‘spillover’ adjacent fisheries as density-dependent emigration begins take effect; (3) higher reserves larger have area:edge ratios, more types, natural barriers between areas, quality inside than reserve. (4) Species low mobility weak density-dependence space show greatest strongest benefit for reproductive capacity, those intermediate levels these traits provide spillover nearby fisheries.