Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations.

摘要: Haller's rule states that brains scale allometrically with body size in all animals, meaning relative brain increases decreasing size. This applies both on inter- and intraspecific comparisons. Only 1 species, the extremely small parasitic wasp Trichogramma evanescens, is known as an exception shows isometric brain-body relation comparison between differently sized individuals. Here, we investigated if such relationship also occurs a slightly larger wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, species may vary 10-fold weight upon differences levels of scramble competition during larval development. We show exhibits diphasic scaling: wasps allometrically, following rule, whereas smallest scaling. Brains smaller are, therefore, than expected hypothesized this lead to adaptations architecture. Volumetric analysis neuropil composition revealed different sizes differed volume multiple neuropils. The optic lobes mushroom bodies particular were wasps. Furthermore, had relatively total cellular rind large brains. These changes architecture suggest energetic constraints tissue outweigh specific cognitive requirements