作者: Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable , K. Viswanath , Pebbles Fagan , Donna Vallone , Francisco O. Buchting
DOI: 10.1007/S10552-012-9917-X
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摘要: Tobacco use is the single most important cause of prematuredeath and disability. By year 2030, smoking will accountfor approximately one-third global deaths approxi-mately 80% these are likely to occur in lower andmiddle-income countries (LMIC). [1–3] Approximately sixmillionpeopledieeachyear,includingabout600,000deathsamong non-smokers who exposed secondhand smoke[1]. Nearly smokers world have their firstsmoking experience before age 18 inexpensive accesstotobacco products remains a widespread problem. The prev-alence tobacco has fallen among persons withmore formal education high-income countries. This trendwas first observed men been accelerated bypublic health interventions control theUnited States other [4]. However, smokingepidemic not declined low middle-income coun-tries disparity between high LMIC isexpected increase next few decades. shifting with steady increases incigarette consumption, especially (approx.50%), whereas smaller proportion women (9%) smokeworldwide. Furthermore, prevalence smokeexposure children low-incomehouseholds[5],serviceandmanuallaborworkplaces[6],andin such as Cambodia, China, Philippines andVietnam, where isextremely [7].The World Health Organization (WHO) FrameworkConvention on Control (FCTC) was WHO’s firstglobal treatyandwas designed toaddressthegrowingglobalepidemic tobacco, course which predictable.Assessment phases can facilitate determination ofappropriate public policies anti-smoking interventions.The epidemic described context ofthe epidemiologic stages based prevalence, smokingconsumption, mortality attributable thatlead four cigarette [8]. Smokingprevalence adults becomes powerful indicator epidemic, differences by sexcan mark different epidemic. Stage I ischaracterized relatively for both andwomen.GreatersmokingprevalencemarksstageII,thepeakstage rates ranging from 40 60%.Stage III initiation epidemic’s decline, particularlyamong even increasing.Finally, stage IV marked decline